Here the domain of the integral :math:`\Omega = \dot{\bigcup_q} \; \Omega_i` is the disjoint union over smaller :math:`\Omega_i`, e.g. the pixels of the space, and :math:`s_i` is the discretized field value on the :math:`i`-th pixel.
Here the domain of the integral :math:`\Omega = \dot{\bigcup_q} \; \Omega_i` is the disjoint union over smaller :math:`\Omega_i`, e.g. the pixels of the space, and :math:`s_i` is the discretised field value on the :math:`i`-th pixel.
This introduces the weighting :math:`V_i=\int_{\Omega_i}\text{d}x\, 1`, also called the volume factor, a property of the space.
This introduces the weighting :math:`V_i=\int_{\Omega_i}\text{d}x\, 1`, also called the volume factor, a property of the space.
NIFTy aids you in constructing your own log-likelihood by providing methods like :func:`~field.Field.weight`, which weights all pixels of a field with their corresponding volume.
NIFTy aids you in constructing your own log-likelihood by providing methods like :func:`~field.Field.weight`, which weights all pixels of a field with their corresponding volume.
An integral over a :class:`~field.Field` :code:`s` can be performed by calling :code:`s.weight(1).sum()`, which is equivalent to :code:`s.integrate()`.
An integral over a :class:`~field.Field` :code:`s` can be performed by calling :code:`s.weight(1).sum()`, which is equivalent to :code:`s.integrate()`.
Volume factors are also applied automatically in the following places:
Volume factors are also applied automatically in the following places:
- :class:`~operators.harmonic_operators.FFTOperator` as well as all other harmonic operators. Here the zero mode of the transformed field is the integral over the original field, thus the whole field is weighted once.
- :class:`~operators.harmonic_operators.FFTOperator` as well as all other harmonic operators.
- some response operators, such as the :class:`~library.los_response.LOSResponse`. In this operator a line integral is descritized, so a 1-dimensional volume factor is applied.
Here the zero mode of the transformed field is the integral over the original field, thus the whole field is weighted once.
- In :class:`~library.correlated_fields.CorrelatedField` as well :class:`~library.correlated_fields.MfCorrelatedField`, the field is multiplied by the square root of the total volume in configuration space. This ensures that the same field reconstructed over a larger domain has the same variance in position space in the limit of infinite resolution. It also ensures that power spectra in NIFTy behave according to the definition of a power spectrum, namely the power of a k-mode is the expectation of the k-mode square, divided by the volume of the space.
- Some response operators, such as the :class:`~library.los_response.LOSResponse`.
In this operator a line integral is discretised, so a 1-dimensional volume factor is applied.
- In :class:`~library.correlated_fields.CorrelatedField` as well as :class:`~library.correlated_fields.MfCorrelatedField`.
Both describe fields with a smooth, a priori unknown correlation structure specified by a power spectrum.
The field is multiplied by the square root of the total volume of it domain's harmonic counterpart.
This ensures that the same power spectrum can be used regardless of the chosen resolution, provided the total volume of the space remains the same.
It also guarantees that the power spectra in NIFTy behave according to their definition, i.e. the power of a mode :math:`s_k` is the expectation value of that mode squared, divided by the volume of its space :math:`P(k) = \left\langle s_k^2 \right\rangle / V_k`.
Note that in contrast to some older versions of NIFTy, the dot product :code:`s.vdot(t)` of fields does **not** apply a volume factor, but instead just sums over the field components,
Note that in contrast to some older versions of NIFTy, the dot product :code:`s.vdot(t)` of fields does **not** apply a volume factor, but instead just sums over the field components,
